Summary: This article outlines the effects of external shocks and their impact on India's Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation. It analyzes the factors and channels contributing to inflation's volatile nature in recent years.
Saturday, August 17, 2024
Tuesday, July 30, 2024
Memes and Their Impacts
Summary: This article emphasises the spread of internet memes in modern times and outlines some of the positive and negative effects of this spread on society.
 |
| The Google trend data is used to highlight the speed of the spread of Internet memes. According to Fobes India, "Bhupendra Jogi meme is one of the most viral memes in India (1)" Timeline: 10 October 2023 to 10 November 2023 Introduction: In the 21st century, people are getting addicted to memes. Moreover,
GEN-Z use this meme more frequently in their daily lives. Additionally,
comparing their current life situation with those trending memes on social
media creates chaos. Memes are comical images with bold text illustrating ideas,
concepts, relatable incidents, etc. These funny pictorial concepts are getting
most of the social attention. The hype of memes is spreading worldwide;
according to research, a person spends approximately 108 minutes scrolling
memes only. These memes are eye-catching, with amazing pictures of famous
personalities, cartoon characters, politicians, etc. Attention Period for Meme: Individuals suffered under strict government guidelines,
such as lockdowns during the pandemic. At that time, memes played a crucial
role in digital communication; it was also noticed that most coronavirus memes
went viral because people could relate to them. Those who saw memes of COVID-19
are most likely to suffer less as it affects them psychologically. It was
noticed that using memes to cope with worry is common. Meme As a Modern Culture: Many research studies show that excessive use of memes in daily
life indicates social media addiction. For
these reasons, people start procrastinating, becoming lazy, and cutting
themselves off from the real world. Even in colleges or corporate sectors, most
individuals seem to be scrolling memes on social media during break time. Memes
are indirectly dominating modern culture and influencing it badly. They are a
powerful tool that can drastically affect a country's youth. Impacts Of Meme: Positive Side: Many people earn just by editing macro
pictures (MEME) for social media pages. To relieve themselves from their busy
schedules, people scroll through memes on social media. Many memes hold very
powerful information. It encourages people to seek assistance as well. Negative Side: Many memes negatively impact the image of a
particular person whose memes go viral. A Meme spoils someone’s personality on
social media and has a lasting effect. It brings negativity. There is
inappropriate exposure of content, and so on. Conclusion: In today’s world,
people readily accept whatever they see online. Similarly, the vital form of
memes is actively loved by people on social media despite their accuracy, which
transfers the misinformation to the masses. Excess of anything is too bad; we
should rely on anything only after getting the information from the absolute
source. To conclude, memes have evolved the nation, and one should be aware of
their consequences. By Kritika, B.A. Economics (2023-26), Department of Economics, SBSS, MRIIRS, Faridabad. |
Thursday, May 30, 2024
Palette of Change: Artistic Visions for Viksit Bharat
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| Tanvi and Group |
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| Reet and Group |
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| Manasvi and Group |
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| Kritika and Group |
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| Devanshi and Group |
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| Aastha Gautam and Group |
Friday, May 3, 2024
Rise of Real Estate in Gurugram
Summary: The
main objective of this study is to analyze the current situation of the real estate
market in Gurugram. In
this process, This article identifies the strengths and weaknesses of Gurugram’s real estate market.
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Rental price of apartments in and out of the city of Gurugram Gurugram, located in the state of Haryana, has emerged as a booming real estate hub in recent years. The real estate industry is the most important sector in the world. In terms of immigration as well as other variables are taken into place. Individuals from all over India migrate to urban centers, large cities, IT industries, etc. One cannot overlook Gurugram when discussing migration. It is a major commercial hub of our economy and it is known as a technological center. Trends
Of Gurugram Property Rates: When we look into Gurugram property trends there is fast growth and transformation seen in the property market of Gurugram in previous years. Gurugram offers many opportunities for buyers and investors its strategic location, excellent connectivity, and rapid urbanization have contributed to the city’s popularity among homebuyers and investors. Regarding property price trends in Gurugram, several factors influence the market like its corporate sector, multinational companies, business parks, etc. It attracted many professionals searching for their business and housing options. This demand has led to a rise in property prices over time.
Factors Shaping The Gurugram Property Market:- 1.
Infrastructural Development The
rapid infrastructure development in Gurugram is a factor that contributes to
the high property rates. This city has all of the major need factors like
metro connectivity, roadways & transport, boom IT sector, etc. Also, The
city is well-connected to major highways, including the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway,
Delhi-Jaipur Expressway, Sohna Road, Dwarka Expressway, etc. 2.
Supportive Government Policies The
Haryana government’s pro-development policies and initiatives like RERA have
built confidence among homebuyers and investors, resulting in heightened
activity in the real estate sector. Also, like tax advantages, relaxed rules
have been provided by the government. 3. Business Environment Gurugram
has gained popularity as a business location over the past few years. Many big
companies operate and look forward to expansion in the rapidly developing
business hub, hence it provides a perfect business environment. 4.
Luxury Living Gurugram’s
real estate market is filled with many modern amenities and well-designed
properties. Developers are meeting this demand with smart homes and
community-centric living spaces and it has fully luxury living, premium
projects with world-class amenities, and opulent villas. High-net-worth individuals
and NRIs are showing their interest in these exclusive properties. Categories
of properties in Gurugram: · Residential property
Land
usage distribution of Gurugram :
Some
Popular Real Estate Companies Of Gurugram:- · DLF Group Reasons for the Massive Property Rates in Gurugram: 1.
Affluent Customer Base A
quarter of India’s billionaires in Gurugram
act as their primary or secondary abode. Many MNC employees are also
prepared to spend more money on a luxury home in a gated neighborhood. As a
result, several developers are developing opulent residential structures with
the most modern amenities. 2.
Rising Business Hub Gurugram
has its own unique identity as a North Indian IT cluster due to the several
MNCs that call this area home. Gurugram is a center for business growth in
addition to being a great place to live. However, it is very expensive to
purchase or rent a commercial property in gurugram. The cost of commercial
property in Gurugram is among the highest in India. 3.
Infrastructure Development Infrastructural
development plays a main role in shaping the real estate market of gurugram as
it has great connectivity with commercial and residential properties. Also, it
has facilities like school, hospital ,mall, transportation, huge lane roads
etc. 4.
Lifestyle Amenities Gurugram
is known for its luxurious lifestyle amenities, which includes shopping malls,
restaurants, entertainment centres etc. The presence of such amenities adds to
the quality of life in Gurugram and makes it a great location for homebuyers.
Developers are also focusing on providing lifestyle amenities within their
residential projects, such as swimming pools, clubhouses, fitness centres etc
which increase their profit and property rates in the city. 5.
Limited Land Availability Major
reason of high property rates in Gurugram is the limited availability of land
for new developments. Gurugram is a fully populated city and there is very
little vacant land left for new residential or commercial projects. If
developers want to buy land in low rates they has only one option lefts that to
shift their project location near gurugram like in dwarka, sohna , noida etc. This
will affects the property rates. The limited land availability also leads to an
increase in demand for properties in prime locations, which further contributes
to the high property rates in the city. Why do People prefer Gurugram property at high rates also? The
rising property demand in Gurugram is boosted by business-class people and
working professionals migrating to the city. Many working professionals are
readily investing in luxury homes in various gated communities. Hence, several
high-end real estate developers are launching luxury commercial and residential
projects offering the best amenities and features. Most
Expensive Office Spaces There are many MNCs based in this area, and it has a distinct identity as the IT
Hub. Gurugram plays a major role in several business projects and is one of
the most popular places to live and run a business. Top-Tier
Infrastructure Gurugram
has gained popularity among real estate investors since the country’s IT
hubs were established in Gurugram after that the region has gained popularity among
those wishing to invest in real estate, especially in the residential sector. Standard
of living As
people earn more their expectations are also high. They prefer
luxury living according to their status. That’s why they shifted their
interest toward Gurugram. Fact
About The Gurugram Housing Market Housing
in Gurugram can often be surprising, with home buyers investing an exorbitant
amount for small-sized apartments while spending crores for huge spacious homes.
As everyone wants to live in a good place. · Cyber City All the above things contribute to the economy in terms of taxation, money supply, investments, etc. All this leads to an increase in overall GDP. Gurugram as investment: Except
for building sites in Gurugram, the city's business sector is rising faster. Gurugram's
evolving structure, constructing unorthodox office spaces is a certainty, as is
their increased demand. Gurugram is a beautiful city to live in, with
world-class amenities. The expectation of Gurugram Property Investment will
only rise with the city's expanding employment
possibilities and expansion. Also, The upcoming Delhi-Mumbai Industrial
Corridor and the proposed high-speed railway network are expected to further
enhance Gurugram’s connectivity and make it a preferred destination for real
estate investment. Gurugram continues to dominate the market for real estate in
terms of residential and commercial development. Gurugram is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, and it attracts the richest of the rich. Conclusion: Gurugram’s property market remains in a leading position
for real estate investments. The strategic location, great infrastructure,
luxuriousness, etc contributed to Gurugram’s real estate market. It has flourished in
recent years attracting some of the top real estate companies in India. Each of
the companies mentioned above has contributed to this city by offering high-quality projects that meet the aspirations of homebuyers and investors. From an investment perspective, Gurugram is highly attractive. R code for the plot: Packages used: library(tidyverse) and library(plotly) colors <- c('#4AC6B7', '#1972A4', '#965F8A', '#FF7070') P <- plot_ly( price_ani, x = ~Year, y = ~Price, frame=~Year, color = ~Apartment_type, type = "scatter", mode="markers", colors=~colors, size=~`Price`, marker = list(symbol = 'circle', sizemode = 'diameter', line = list(width = 2, color = '#FFFFFF'), opacity=0.4) ) By Kunal B.A. (H) Economics (2023-26), School of Behavioural and Social Science (SBSS), Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, Haryana. |
Sunday, April 28, 2024
Our Planet Is Our Pride
Image Credit: Generated by DALL.E 3 (Microsoft Copilot)
Our planet is our pride
But
what put us
In
the lamp-light
Of course,
it’s climate change
Am I
right?
Move
out of your comfy zone
To
protect the layer of ozone,
Manage
the greenhouse emission
Is
our only Mission
Support
recycle, reduce and re-use
Instead
of resource misuse,
Never
give up on good deeds
That's
all what we need
Our
planet which serves us to feed
We’re
destroying it for our greed,
Now
take an oath
To
promote the green growth
To
control the pollution,
Promoting
Renewable energy
Is
the only solution.
Now,
combine your ability
To
promote sustainability
Because
Our
planet is our pride.
By
Kritika
B.A. (H) Economics (2023-26),
School of Behavioural and Social Science (SBSS), Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, Haryana.
School of Behavioural and Social Science (SBSS), Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, Haryana.
Friday, April 19, 2024
Ethical Hacking: Future of Cybersecurity
Ethical Hacking
Ethical hacking incorporates a supported undertaking
to secure unapproved induction to a PC system, application, or data. Doing an
ethical hack includes copying procedures and activities of pernicious
aggressors. This training assists with distinguishing security weaknesses which
can then be settled before a malignant assailant has the chance to take
advantage of them.
Ethical Hacker
A white-cap ethical hacker is a programmer who takes
advantage of for some incredible reason, (for example, to secure some
association). The great individuals are essentially moral programmers. They
have lawful authorization to slow down the program of others. The ethical
programmer searches ports, and sites and finds bugs that can be designated by a
wafer. When the shortcomings of any gadget are known, the assaults should be
possible without any problem. To be protected in this web world, the client is
required to figure out how a programmer (saltine) can get into his
organization. Moral hacking is learning the origination of hacking and applying
them to get any system, or organization for any extraordinary reason.
How Does an Ethical Hacker Different from Other Hackers
Ethical hacker utilizes their insight to get and work
on the innovation of associations. They offer fundamental support to these
associations by searching for weaknesses that can prompt a security break. An
ethical programmer reports the distinguished weaknesses to the association.
Also, they give remediation exhortation. A large part of the time, with the affiliation's
consent, the moral software engineer plays out a re-test to ensure the
shortcomings are settled. malicious hacker means to acquire unapproved
admittance to an asset (the more delicate the better) for monetary benefit or
individual acknowledgment. A few noxious programmers ruin sites or crash
backend servers for no particular reason, notoriety harm, or to cause monetary
misfortune. The techniques utilized and weaknesses found stay unreported. They
aren't worried about further developing the association's security posture.
Advantages of Ethical Hacking
1.
This
helps prevent malicious hacking attempts. Ethical hackers can help
organizations develop systems that are better prepared to detect and block
malicious hacking attempts and ensure their data is well protected.
2.
This
can reduce international threats. Ethical hacking can often help reduce the
number of international threats that public and private organizations may
experience, such as national security breaches.
3.
This
allows companies to better protect their financial assets. Ethical hackers can
help banks and other financial institutions implement measures to increase the
security of their networks so they can better protect their customers' money
and increase trust.
4.
This
can help reduce cybercrime. Ethical hacking can help cybersecurity
organizations and government agencies develop ways to detect and prevent
cybercrime and cyberterrorism by teaching them new malicious coding techniques.
Disadvantages Of Ethical Hacking
1.
It
has the potential ability to corrupt an organization's files or data.
2.
They
may use the collected important information for malicious purposes. As a
result, it takes reliable developers to succeed in this particular framework.
3.
Employing
such people increases the company's costs.
4.
This
method may compromise someone's privacy. This system is unconstitutional.
Types of Ethical Hacking
1.
black
box Testing: In black-box testing, the programmer has no earlier information on
the framework and is trying the product from outside the framework before
entering it using a beast force approach. For instance, on the off chance that
you were trying a site, you probably won't understand what sort of server it's
running on or what programming dialects were utilized to make it. This hacking
type is much of the time considered one of the most hazardous kinds of hacking
in digital protection and is utilized to distinguish security openings in an
organization or framework that an assailant could take advantage of. They
unlawfully get close enough to private data like Mastercard numbers or ledgers,
which they then, at that point, sell or use for unlawful purposes like data
fraud or extortion.
2.
White
box testing: In white box testing, the hacker has a deep understanding of the
framework, how it works, and its shortcomings before he attempts to break into
the framework. White-box testing is frequently finished by designers who need
to perceive how well their frameworks hold up under tension before they
discharge them into creation conditions where assailants might attempt to air
out them. They work intimately with IT offices and follow organization
strategy, so they can figure out what's going on within without overstepping
any regulations. They likewise guarantee that nobody hacks into their manager's
framework.
3.
Gray
box Testing: This is a blend between white-box and black-box testing; the
analyzer has some information about the framework but not every last bit of it,
so they need to utilize rational thinking abilities and their specialized
information to find weaknesses inside the framework or organization being
tried. black caps at times utilize their abilities for good and pernicious
purposes, for example, taking cash from banks or different organizations
through PC infections they make (and that implies they could be viewed as black).
The instances of grey box testing incorporate regions
like
·
Convenience
Tests
·
Execution
Tests
·
Security
Tests
4.
Web
Application Hacking: Web application hacking type is the most common way of
taking advantage of safety weaknesses or shortcomings in online applications.
Web applications are commonly written in dialects like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript;
however, they can likewise be written in different dialects like PHP and Ruby
on Rails. Due to the idea of these dialects and how internet browsers decipher
them, it is feasible to perform explicit activities on a site without really
being approved. One illustration of this would be cross-webpage prearranging
(XSS), which includes infusing pernicious code into a site's HTML. If you can
create an XSS assault appropriately, you can seize the program's meeting with
the server while never approaching their username or secret key.
5.
Hacking
wireless organization: Hacking remote organizations is a hacking type that
includes getting to a PC network without approval, regularly by taking
advantage of flimsy spots in the framework's security. A phenomenal
illustration of this is the act of wardriving, where an aggressor cruise all
over with a PC or other gadget fit for getting remote signs, searching for
unprotected or ineffectively safeguarded networks.
6.
Social
engineering: Social engineering means to convince individuals to uncover their
secret data. The assailant deludes individuals since they trust them and need
information. There are three sorts of social engineering: human-based, portable-based,
and PC based. As security arrangements slacken and there are no equipment or
programming devices to forestall social designing assaults, distinguishing them
is troublesome.
7.
system hacking: System hacking is the penance
of a program to get to the designated PC to take their delicate data. The
programmer exploits the shortcomings in a PC system to get the data and
information and makes use of the advantage. System hacking expects to get
entrance, raise honors, and conceal records.
8.
Web
server hacking: Web content is produced as a product application on the server
side continuously. This permits the programmers to go after the webserver to
take private data, information, passwords, and business data by utilizing DoS
assaults, port sweeps, SYN floods, and Sniffing. Programmers hack web servers
to acquire monetary benefits from burglary, damage, coercion, blackmail, and so
forth.
Case Studies on Ethical Hacking
Source: Https://Www.Knowledgehut.Com/Blog/Security/Ethical-Hacking-Case-Study
1.
WordPress
cracked user data- Back in 2019, a new plugin was released for WordPress called
Social Network Tabs. As you know, most people use WordPress to make their
websites. This plugin became very popular, but no one knew about the
vulnerability. It helped users share their website content on social media. Baptiste
Robert was a French security researcher known online by his username Elliot
Alderson. He found a flaw in the plugin that MITER identified as
CVE-2018-20555. You can find this case and the corresponding case study in the
Ethical Hacking PDF file online. You must be wondering what exactly caused this
plugin bug. A bug in the plugin compromised a user's Twitter account. Since the
extension is linked to the user's social media account, the vulnerability
leaked the user's social media data. Roberto was the first to discover the leak
and quickly reported it to Twitter, which helped protect the accounts of users
affected by the leak.
2.
Vulnerability
in Oracle's WebLogic Servers- In 2019 Oracle released a security update without
notice. This surprised fans until they found out why it happened. The security
patch was a very critical update that fixed a code vulnerability in the WebLogic
Server. The vulnerability was discovered by the security firm KnownSec404. The
vulnerability was named CVE-2019-2729, which received a rating of 9.8/10, which
is quite high. The vulnerability left it open to attacks by hackers targeting
two applications that the server left open to the Internet.
3.
Visa card vulnerability that allowed
payment restrictions to be
bypassed
This was one of the most famous ethical hacking cases publicized on the Internet. It happened on
July 29, 2019. Two
security researchers from a company called Positive Technologies discovered a security hole in Visa contactless cards
that allowed hackers to bypass payment limits. This breach of their security
would result in huge losses for the company. This incident
sparked an interest in ethical hacking. As a
result, some students started taking cybersecurity course certificates
online to learn more. This was noticed by Tim Yunusov, head of security at the bank, and Leigh-Anne
Galloway, head of cybersecurity
resilience. It was announced how five major UK banks were targeted. Visa cards used to have a contactless
verification limit of £30, but this weakness allowed hackers to
bypass the limit.
4.
What
happened to Zomato- In 2017, Zomato, one
of the largest online restaurant guides and food-ordering apps, was hacked by a
hacker. The hacker aimed for five things. Names, Emails, Numeric Usernames ID, Usernames,
Passwords. The data loss reached millions, as 17 million users were targeted.
Before negotiating with the company, the hacker was able to put this information
on the dark web so anyone could buy it. This was one of the most shocking
ethical hacking cases in India. It also made people question the cyber security
of the country. When this incident came to light, Zomato published some blogs
talking about the real person behind this breach. The work was said to have
been done by an ethical hacker who wanted to highlight the issue of national
cyber security. It worked when the whole country started talking about cyber
security.
5.
Mac
Zoom Can Be Hacked, Camera Exposed- Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a very
critical vulnerability in Apple Macs on July 9, 2019. This lack of security
framework allowed hackers to take control of a user's front-facing camera. As a
result, many websites can force a user to participate in a Zoom call without
their knowledge or permission. It was a breach of privacy, and millions of
people holding meetings or using Zoom in general were at risk. This is an
important case of ethical hacking as it was hacked on social media to make
people aware. That same day, Apple sent a fix, which was a simple patch that
users can download and install to fix the problem. Zoom also wasted no time in
releasing a hotfix to fix the problem.
Conclusion
In conclusion, ethical hacking stands at the forefront
of cybersecurity, offering a proactive approach to identifying and mitigating
potential threats before they can be exploited by malicious actors. Ethical
hackers, also known as white-hat hackers, play a crucial role in safeguarding
organizations' digital assets and data by leveraging their expertise to uncover
vulnerabilities and recommend remediation measures. The advantages of ethical
hacking are evident, including its ability to prevent malicious hacking
attempts, reduce international threats, protect financial assets, and mitigate
cybercrime. However, there are also certain disadvantages to consider, such as
the potential for corruption of organizational files, misuse of collected
information, increased costs, and privacy concerns. Various types of ethical
hacking, such as black box testing, white box testing, gray box testing, web
application hacking, wireless network hacking, social engineering, system
hacking, and web server hacking, offer diverse approaches to assessing and fortifying
cybersecurity defenses. Furthermore, real-world case studies highlight the
critical role of ethical hacking in identifying and addressing vulnerabilities
in widely used platforms and systems, thereby preventing potential data
breaches and safeguarding user privacy. As technology continues to advance, the
importance of ethical hacking in ensuring digital security will only grow. Organizations
must recognize the value of ethical hackers and invest in robust cybersecurity
measures to protect against evolving threats in the digital landscape.
By
Divneet Kaur Ahuja, M.A Economics (2022-2024), School of Behavioural and Social Science (SBSS), Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, Haryana. divneetahuja01@gmail.com
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